maternal exposures การใช้

• These deficits were linked to maternal exposure to perchlorate.
• Prenatal maternal exposure is associated with substantial harm to intellectual development in children.
• Congenital amputation can also occur due to maternal exposure to teratogens during pregnancy.
• The reproductive anatomy of offspring can particularly be affected if maternal exposure occurs.
• Several studies have provided evidence that even low maternal exposures to lead produce intellectual and behavioral deficits in children.
• Findings linking maternal exposure to pollution with poor health outcomes for children are possibly linked to the altering of gene expression.
• After the baby is born, maternal exposure can continue to affect the infant through transfer of BPA to the infant via breast milk.
• This includes maternal exposure to serious psychological trauma, conditions of famine, obstetric birth complications, infections, and gestational exposure to alcohol or cocaine.
• Despite this, a subsequent study by the same author failed to find a correlation between maternal exposure to famine and birth weight of the next generation.
• Previous studies have found a link between certain defects and maternal exposure to chemicals and contaminated drinking water supplies, polyvinyl chloride industrial emissions, agricultural pesticides and solvents in the workplace.
• Some research suggests that maternal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of autism, but it remains unclear whether there is a causal link between the two.
• The International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC ) classifies naphthalene as possibly carcinogenic to humans and animals ( mice; and that hemolytic anemia ( described above ) can occur in children and infants after oral or inhalation exposure or after maternal exposure during pregnancy.
• In a study looking at the effects of maternal exposure to phthalates, it was observed that both boys and girls scored higher in tests evaluating externalizing problems and aggressive behaviors in the clinical range in comparison to children who did not have high levels of prenatal phthalate exposure.